Psychological and Cognitive Factors

‣ In 1903, Frederick Myers associated ‘psychic phenomena’ with the subliminal mind.
‣ In May 1923, L. W. Rogers concluded “The ego is the source of premonitions.”
‣ In 1967, Milan Ryzl developed a method to retrieve future information through hypnosis.
‣ In 1994, Thalbourne linked transliminality to precognition, common across paranormal belief, creativity, mysticism, and psychopathology.
‣ In 2004, Paul Davies suggested post-selective quantum processes during evolution.
‣ In 2008, research explored the relationship between openness to precognition and its likelihood.
‣ In 2009, Schredl’s study showed a high likelihood of precognition in students.
‣ In 2010, Arthur Funkhouser and Michael Schredl studied the frequency of déjà vu experiences.
‣ In 2013, researchers investigated the effects of memory failures, cognitive thinking styles, and implicit learning on precognitive experiences.
‣ In 2014, a study critically analyzed predictive anticipatory activity and discussed its implications.
‣ In 2014, research suggested that precognition involves transferring information from future experiences, similar to retrieving memories.
‣ In 2015, Vernon discussed how stimulus repetition improves retrocausal accuracy of precognition.
‣ The 2020 Journal of Psychosocial Research separates paranormal beliefs from understanding precognition. Linked to neuroticism, prejudice, and social factors (fantasy, influence, desire for the extraordinary), paranormal beliefs might be rooted in personality rather than reality. The studies reinforce this by linking dissociation to paranormal beliefs, not precognition, while extraversion, intuition, and higher social acceptance aligned with precognition.
‣ In March 2022, an exploratory study found that the satisfaction of basic needs, such as security, sexual drive, and emotional peace, is associated with the occurrence of precognition affective images.
‣ A 2022 correlational study found that people who experienced childhood neglect may be more likely to have precognitive experiences.
‣ In 2022 a study found precognition may be more likely to occur in people with psychosis, and that emotional intelligence may be a factor that protects against precognition.

Precognitive Dreams

‣ In 1927, JW Dunne published “An Experiment with Time” and concluded that precognitive dreams are common.
‣ In 1934, Herbert Saltmarsh analyzed accounts of possible precognition and found dreams to be highly evidential.
‣ In 1954, Louisa Rhine studied realistic precognitive dreams.
‣ In 1966, H. Bender’s case study demonstrated dream motifs corresponding to future events.
‣ In 1971, Stanley Krippner, Montague Ullman, and Charles Honorton conducted experiments on dream precognition.
‣ In 2000, A. M. Sunmola and V. Adejumo conducted a study on precognitive dreams in Nigerian students.
‣ In 2009, Roe and Sherwood compared dream experiments, highlighting the effectiveness of at-home sleep research for precognitive dreams.
‣ In 2014, Watt’s book explored precognitive dreaming and psychological factors.

Experimental Research

‣ Between August 1933 and March 1934, Joseph Banks Rhine, Hubert Pearce, and Joseph Gaither Pratt conducted ESP tests.
‣ In 1939, Whately Carington introduced drawing tasks as targets for telepathic study.
‣ In 1969, Helmut Schmidt found significant results for precognition using different colored lamps.
‣ In 1977, Harold Puthoff and Russell Targ launched a government-funded research program on remote viewing.
‣ In 1983, Benjamin Libet conducted an experiment comparing timing of decisions and neuronal preparation.
‣ In 1989, Charles Honorton and Diane C. Ferrari conducted a meta-analysis of precognition experiments.
‣ Between 1976 and 1990, Dunne and Jahn conducted 653 precognitive experiments demonstrating consistent accuracy regardless of time frame.
‣ In the early 1990s, Scully et al. claimed to predict future events by manipulating quantum information.
‣ From the mid-1970s to the mid-1990s, remote viewing experiments provided strong support for precognitive functioning.
‣ In 1997, Radin conducted experiments measuring autonomic reactions to predict future occurrences, showing increased arousal before arousing visuals.
‣ In 2002, Dick Bierman and H. Steven Scholte reported enhanced activity in the visual cortex and amygdala.
‣ In 2003, James Sportiswoode and Edwin May reported skin-conductance changes in advance of noise bursts.
‣ In 2011, Bem’s study reversed psychological effects, providing evidence for precognition.
‣ In 2012, Julia Mossbridge, Patrizio Tressoldi, and Jessica Utts conducted a picture-guessing test.
‣ In 2015, May noted accurate predictions of “hot” targets in the Star Gate program.
‣ In 2016, a meta-analysis found high significance in presentiment studies.
‣ In 2017, 33 psi sessions were conducted targeting future news photographs, with results suggesting a subconscious interaction between future visual information and cognitive processes.
‣ In 2021, Julia Mossbridge and Dean Radin aimed to enhance their understanding of precognition by collecting data from a large participant group using a smartphone-app.
‣ Experiments conducted in 2022 indicate that accuracy in PRV tasks is influenced by factors such as sex-at-birth, gender, emotional state, and target interestingness, with task characteristics partially moderating these effects.
‣ In 2022, experimental research found precognition is associated with a significant increase in gamma band activity and a significant decrease in delta band activity compared to imagination.

Animal Precognition

‣ 2010 – Birds, chimpanzees, gorillas, and rats have been shown to be precognitive.
‣ 2011 – “Dogs that know when their owners are returning home, cats that answer the telephone when a person they are attached to is calling, horses that can find their way home over unfamiliar terrain, cats that anticipate earthquakes” and other experiments on different animals’ precognition.
‣ 2016, An Experiment on Precognition with Planarian Worms
‣ 2018, Biological Entanglement–Like Effect After Communication of Fish Prior to X-Ray Exposure. An interesting look at what could be the bio-quantum mechanics behind precognition.
‣ 2021 – Information maintenance of food sources is associated with environment, spatial cognition and age in a food-caching bird

Other Relevant Studies

‣ In 1999, research explored unconscious processes, subliminal stimulation, and anxiety.
‣ In 2004, the déjà vu experience was studied.
‣ In 2006, neural substrates for remembering the past and imagining the future were identified.
‣ In 2010, the consciousness of subjective time in the brain was investigated.
‣ In 2018, pragmatic prospection and the simulation of alternative possibilities were examined as consciousness of the future.
‣ In 2019, acute alcohol effects on episodic future thinking in social drinkers were investigated.
‣ A 2023 study in Kerala, India found that déjà experiences are common and that people with a higher level of education are more likely to believe in scientific explanations for them.
‣ In 2023, Peter Simor’s paper unveils dreaming as a future-oriented cognitive process emerging from the interplay of reactive and predictive sleep homeostasis. Also, more constrained, goal-directed prospection after awakening interferes with the process of dreaming and dream recall and contributes to dream amnesia.

For Future Researchers

‣ Future directions in precognition research aim to bridge the gap between skeptics and proponents.
‣ Retro-priming, priming, and double testing are explored in a test-retest design to examine psi and replication.
‣ The validity and utility of a reward contingency are investigated in a non-intentional forced-choice precognition task.
‣ Hypnotizability and dissociation are studied as predictors of performance in a precognition task.
‣ Simple experimental designs offer a cost-effective alternative to specialist sleep laboratory studies for investigating precognitive dreaming.
‣ Consider the quantum hologram theory of consciousness as a framework for studies, as it provides a possible explanation for how consciousness can be non-local and transcend time.